1969年 Robert Paine先生tī 美國加州海岸做一个真簡單ê實驗。Tī海漲kap khó流ê水位中間有真chē種類ê生物,包含海草、無kha-chiah骨動物、海星(starfish)kap giô-poe(mussel)。 In互相競爭,tī hit个小環境內底造成一个穩定ê,特別ê生態系統。Paine kā海星ùi這个環境the̍h掉。Giô-poe無海星kā食,失去控制,thòaⁿ kah一大堆。別項生物失去生存ê空間。結果tī一冬內,hit个範圍內ê生物種類失去 一半。而且進一步確定, 若是kā海星koh khǹg倒--轉-去,生態tō koh回復。伊kā 這个海星號做關鍵物種(keystone species)。
Beh瞭解生物界ê多元現象(biodiversity),關鍵物種是真重要ê觀念。Tī某一个環境內底,有某一項特別重要ê種類控制規个生態ê穩定平衡。失去這个品種,tō ē嚴重減少多元種類生態,親像頂面海星ê例。
1969 年以來,有確定真chē其他ê關鍵物種,親像沙魚、海水獺(sea otter)、非洲象、 phú狼(gray wolf)、Saguaro仙人掌、無花果樹、海獺(beaver)種種。上出名tō是美國黃石公園ê例。
1924年公園ê狼hō͘人thâi絕了後,草食ê動物生thòaⁿ失去控制,破壞公園ê草地、樹林,引起一連續物種消失。1973年人工kā phú狼khǹg轉去公園以後,變化真明顯,到taⁿ黃石公園顯示真氣派ê生態回復。
但是關鍵物種ê觀念上關鍵ê是伊負面ê教示!消滅關鍵物種,生態tō ē嚴重破壞。人是上大ê關鍵物種消滅者!
台灣字(白話字)版
Koan-kiān bu̍t-chióng
1969 nî Robert Paine sin-seⁿ tī Bí-kok ka-chiu hái-hōaⁿ chò chi̍t-ê chin kan-tan ê si̍t-giām. Tī hái-tiòng kap khó-lâu ê chúi-ūi tiong-kan ū chin-chē chióng-lūi ê seng-bu̍t, pau-hâm hái-chháu, bû kha-chiah-kut tōng-bu̍t, hái-chhiⁿ(starfish) kap giô-poe(mussel). In hō͘-siong kèng-cheng, tī hit-ê sió khoân-kéng lāi-té chō-sêng chi̍t-ê ún-tēng ê, tek-pia̍t ê seⁿ-thài hē-thóng. Paine kā hái-chhiⁿ ùi chit-ê khoân-kéng the̍h-tiāu. Giô-poe bô hái-chhiⁿ kā chia̍h, sit-khì khòng-chè, thòaⁿ kah chi̍t tōa-tui. Pa̍t-hāng seng-bu̍t sit-khì seng-chûn ê khong-kan. Kiat-kó tī chi̍t-tang lāi, hit ê hoān-ûi lāi ê seng-bu̍t chióng-lūi sit-khì chi̍t-pòaⁿ. Lî-chhiáⁿ chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ khak-tēng, nā-sī hái-chhiⁿ koh khǹg tò-tńg--khì, seⁿ-thài tō koh hôe-ho̍k. I kā chi̍t-ê hái-chhiⁿ hō-chò koan-kiàn bu̍t-chióng(keystone species).
Beh liáu-kái seng-bu̍t-kài ê to-goân hiān-siōng(biodiversity), koan-kiàn bu̍t-chióng sī chin tiōng-iàu ê koan-liām. Tī bó͘ chi̍t-ê khoân-kéng lāi-té, ū bó͘ chi̍t-hāng te̍k-pia̍t ê chióng-lūi khòng-chè kui-ê seng-thài ê ún-tēng pêng-hêng. Sit-khì chi̍t-ê phín-chióng, tō ē giâm-tiōng kiám-chió to-goân chióng-lūi, seng-thài. Chhin-chhiūⁿ téng-bīn hái-chhiⁿ ê lē.
1969 nî í-lâi, ū khak-tēng chin-chē kî-tha ê koan-kiàn bu̍t-chióng, chhin-chhiūⁿ soa-hî, hái-chúi-thoah(sea otter), Hui-chiu chhiūⁿ, phú-lông(gray wolf), Saguaro sian-jîn-cháng, bô-hoe-kó chhiū, hái-thoah (beaver) chióng-chióng. Siōng chhut-miâ tō-sī Bí-kok N̂g-chio̍h kong-hn̂g ê lē. 1924 nî kong-hn̂g ê lông hō͘ lâng thâi choa̍t liáu-āu, chháu-si̍t ê tōng-bu̍t seⁿ-thòaⁿ sit-khì khòng-chè, phò-hāi kong-hn̂g ê chháu-tē, chhiū-nâ, ín-khí chi̍t liân-sòa bu̍t-chióng siau-sit. 1973 nî jîn-kang kā phú-lông khǹg tńg-khì kong-hn̂g í-āu, piàn-hòa chin bêng-hián, kàu-taⁿ N̂g-chio̍h kong-hn̂g hián-sī chin khì-phài ê seng-thài hôe-ho̍k.
Tān-sī koan-kiàn bu̍t-chióng ê koan-liām siōng koan-kiàn ê koan-liām sī i hū-bīn ê kà-sī. Siau-bia̍t koan-kiàn bu̍t-chióng, seⁿ-thài tō ē giâm-tiōng phò-hāi. Lâng sī siōng-tōa ê koan-kiān bu̍t-chióng siau-bia̍t-chiá.
(Chok-chiá chù:chhiáⁿ-iōng pe̍h-ōe-jī)(作者注:請用白話字)
讀hōo你聽:
文章屬作者個人意見,文責歸屬作者,本報提供意見交流平台,不代表本報立場。